1873 – In PORTUGAL, the option of *MONEY PAYMENTS* to avoid / sidestep Portuguese CONSCRIPTION (i.e. Military Service) ENDED, greatly spurring further immigration; especially to BRAZIL (where Portuguese was already the national language), but some to NORTH AMERICA as well; and most of those went to the areas in and near New England, and California.
*Editorial Note: It may be worth noting that in the inherently isolated Atlantic island “satellites” of the AZORES and MADEIRA, the burden of forced military service was all the greater because of the vitally important necessity of (family) laborers on very limited available property for *sustenance* farming, or others laboring options for even basic *survival*. As such, the multi-decade requirements of forced military service for the hardscrabble island families could easily, and very literally, be the difference between life and death; thereby forcing emigration options difficult for us nowadays to even imagine, much less consider as “inescapable” necessity.